{"id":6418,"date":"2025-11-05T02:37:45","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T02:37:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/?p=6418"},"modified":"2025-11-05T02:37:45","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T02:37:45","slug":"islam-deal-slavery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/?p=6418","title":{"rendered":"How Did Islam Deal with Slavery?"},"content":{"rendered":"<pre><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>By C. Mofty<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><strong>Islam did not initiate the system of slavery <\/strong><\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_11339\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.the-faith.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/How-Did-Islam-Deal-with-Slavery.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11339\" class=\"wp-image-11339 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.the-faith.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/How-Did-Islam-Deal-with-Slavery-300x200.jpg?resize=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"How Did Islam Deal with Slavery?\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-11339\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shari`ah Law severely limited the channels in which the number of slaves could multiply.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/featured-posts\/why-did-islam-not-abolish-slavery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Slavery<\/a> existed in Judaism, <a href=\"http:\/\/islamforchristians.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Christianity<\/a>, India, and China before Islam. Since the earliest times, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.islam.com.kw\/what-is-islam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Islam <\/a>had opened doors to free slaves and to eventually end slavery.<\/p>\n<p>The Islamic paradigm did not ignore the realities of the world, nor did it endorse it. Islam regulated it. As Annemarie Schimmel, a German scholar, noted, \u201c\u2026therefore slavery is theoretically doomed to disappear with the expansion of Islam.\u201d<sup>(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Shari`ah Law severely limited the channels in which the number of slaves could multiply. The only source of slavery was captives of legitimate war and the children born to slave parents. After limiting the sources of new slaves, Islamic law dealt with the reality of the existing slaves.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>People are born free, slavery is temporary<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.learning-quran.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Quran<\/a> states,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;padding-right: 30px\"><strong>O mankind, indeed We have created you from a male (Adam) and a female (Eve) and made you into various families and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most honored of you in God\u2019s sight is the most pious of you.<\/strong> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.quran.com\/49\/13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Al-Hujurat 49:13<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/featured\/muhammad-allahs-mercy-for-all-22\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Prophet of Islam<\/a> (peace be upon him) declared, \u201cAll of you are from Adam and Adam was created from dust.\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/featured\/abu-dawud-the-faqih-and-scholar-of-hadith\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abu Dawud<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>The principle that human beings are born free and slavery is accidental is accepted by all the scholars of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.islam.com.kw\/what-is-islam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Islam<\/a>. Few important consequences of this principle are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Voluntary slavery is not allowed. A free person cannot become a slave even if he wants to.<\/li>\n<li>A free person cannot be enslaved. The interesting point is that Muslim theologians did not decide it, but the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/featured\/gods-mercy-to-mankind\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prophet of Islam, Muhammad<\/a> (peace be upon him) declared it to be a sin 1400 years ago. He said, \u201cThere are three types of people against whom I shall myself be a plaintiff on the Day of Judgment. Of these three, one is he who enslaves a free man, then sells him, and consumes this money.\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/islamic-history\/al-bukhari-the-imam-of-hadith-and-sunnah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Al-Bukhari<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>An unclaimed child with unknown parentage was to be treated as a free person even if the child appeared to have slave parents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>A slave was granted respect and human dignity<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The very word \u201cslave\u201d in English has extremely negative connotations of barbaric treatment. Compare it with how the Prophet of Mercy spoke about slaves 1400 years ago, \u201cYour slaves are your brothers! God has placed them in your care. So, whose brother is under his care, he should feed him what he eats and dress him how he dresses. And do not burden them beyond their capacities; but if you burden them (with an unbearable burden), then help them (by sharing their extra burden).\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/islamic-history\/al-bukhari-the-imam-of-hadith-and-sunnah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Al-Bukhari<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen the servant of anyone amongst you prepares food for him and has undergone its hardship of heat and smoke, he should make him (the servant) sit along with him and make him eat (along with him), and if he does not do that, then he should spare some portion for him.\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/featured\/imam-muslim-leading-scholar-hadith\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Muslim<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/featured\/gods-mercy-to-mankind\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prophet of Mercy<\/a> forbade hitting the slaves. He declared that the atonement of hitting or slapping a slave is to set him free. (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/featured\/imam-muslim-leading-scholar-hadith\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Muslim<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, a slave is not be addressed with hurtful words. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/featured\/gods-mercy-to-mankind\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Prophet of Mercy<\/a> stated not to address them as, \u2018My slave boy or my slave girl.\u201d He said, \u201cAll of you are slaves of God!\u201d Address them with, \u201cO my young man, O my young lady!\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/featured\/imam-muslim-leading-scholar-hadith\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Muslim<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>`Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, the second caliph of Islam, was so fond of Salim, a freed slave that he wished to appoint Salim to be the caliph if he were alive. Salim used to lead the Muslims in prayer, which is considered an honor in Islamic tradition.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Islam granted equal religious rights to the free and the slave<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Slaves were at the same footing of a freeman in terms of religious obligations, as well as reward and punishment from God. A slave\u2019s testimony was considered acceptable. A slave had right to personal belongings and property. They were to be helped to legally win their freedom if they so choose through a mechanism known as <em>mukatabah<\/em> and <em>tadbir<\/em>. This mechanism is enshrined in the Muslim scripture as God says,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;padding-right: 30px\"><strong>And those who seek a contract [for eventual emancipation] from among whom your right hands possess &#8211; then make a contract with them if you know there is within them goodness and give them from the wealth of Allah which He has given you.<\/strong> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.quran.com\/24\/33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An-Nur 24:33<\/a>)<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Freeing slaves is an act of worship<\/span> <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islam.com.kw\/what-is-islam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Islam <\/a>set freeing of slaves as atonement of sins and for specific acts of transgression. Muslims were encouraged to willingly set slaves free to release themselves from the torment of Hell Fire. The state was also a source of setting the slaves free as Islamic Law dictates that <em>zakah<\/em> (obligatory charity) given by wealthy Muslims to the state &#8211; is to be spend on setting slaves free among other things. God says,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;padding-right: 30px\"><strong>Zakah expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect [zakah] and for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the [stranded] traveler &#8211; an obligation [imposed] by Allah . And Allah is Knowing and Wise.<\/strong> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.quran.com\/9\/60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">At-Tawbah 9:60<\/a>)<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Islam integrated slaves into the mainstream society<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The issue of integration of freed slaves into the mainstream society has been discussed by some contemporary scholars. The Islamic solution was to integrate them into the society by making them part of the tribes and families. The system was known as \u201c<em>wala<\/em>.\u201d The Prophet of Islam said, \u2018Freeing slaves is like establishing relations by blood.\u2019 (Ad-Darimi)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600\">[1]<\/span><\/strong> Annemarie Schimmel,<em> Islam: An Introduction<\/em> (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992), 67<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600\">[2]<\/span><\/strong> Ameer Ali, <em>The Spirit of Islam: A History of the Evolution and Ideals of Islam with a Life of the Prophet,<\/em> Revised ed., (London: Christophers, 1922), p. 264<\/p>\n<p>\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad____________________<\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Source:<\/span><\/strong> Taken with modification from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.islamreligion.com<\/a><\/em><a href='https:\/\/www.the-faith.com\/islam-deal-slavery\/' target='_blank'>Soucre Link<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The article shows how Islam put an end to slavery and eliminated it gradually and without resorting to civil wars.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4189,2404],"tags":[5498,9,5499,5500,2917,5501,5502,3175],"class_list":["post-6418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-human-rights","category-the-faith","tag-anti-slavery-day","tag-featured","tag-great-slave-companions","tag-how-did-islam-deal-with-combat-slavery","tag-human-rights-in-islam","tag-islam-and-fighting-slavery","tag-islam-and-slavery","tag-islam-and-society"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/How-Did-Islam-Deal-with-Slavery.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6418"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6418\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imuslim.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}